Listening. The weather's great! (http://www.5minuteenglish.com/may12.htm)
Vocabulary
gorgeous- beautiful
What do you say...- (slang) What do you think about...
to pack- make and take
to pick something up- buy
to head down- to go to
to toss around- to throw
leash- a rope or chain for holding an animal
dog dish- plate for dogs to eat out of
to grab- to get quickly, to take suddenly
tablecloth- fabric or material we put on a table to keep it clean
thunder- loud noise in the sky when a storm comes. The light in the sky is called lightning. You can see a picture below.
You've got to be kidding- It's hard to believe. Something you say when you are surprised.


Dialog

Diana: It's a gorgeous day today! What do you say we take a picnic and go down to the park?Doug: Sounds great! Should we pack some sandwiches or pick up something along the way?Diana: Why don't we stop and get some fried chicken at KFC and head down to Murray Park? Let's bring a few games, too.Doug: Okay, I'll get the Frisbee and a softball so we can toss them around. And... what do you think? Should we bring the dog?Diana: Definitely. He'll love it down there.Doug: I'll get his leash and dog dish. I'm grabbing a tablecloth, too, so we don't have to eat on a dirty picnic table.Diana: Good idea. I'll bring some napkins. I always get so dirty when I eat fried chicken.Doug: Wait a minute...Diana: What is it?Doug: Did you hear that? I heard thunder. A storm is coming.Diana: Oh no, you've got to be kidding...

Check Your Understanding
True or False
1. Diane and Doug want to go to the park because it's a beautiful day.
True False
2. The couple will bring their dog.
True False
3. They will make some fried chicken.
True False
4. They will go fishing in the park.
True False
5. Doug will take a tablecloth and some games.
True False
6. Doug is joking about a storm coming.
True False
Answers: 1T, 2T, 3F, 4F, 5T,6F

Reading. Saint Patrick's Day
St. Patrick's Day is celebrated in the United States on March 17. It's neither a public holiday (we still have work and school) nor a serious holiday. It's just a fun holiday.

Vocabulary
emigrate- leave from a country to move to another
century- 100 years
religious- having to do with church or god
pinch- to squeeze something, to hurt someone by squeezing their skin with your finger and thumb
shamrock- a plant with 3 leaves like in the pictures
pub- bar/ tavern, a place to drink beer or other alcohol
marathon- a long running race (like a 10K run)
pretend- play, act like someone else

Reading
Many Irish people have emigrated from Ireland to the United States over the last few centuries. They brought St. Patrick's Day with them. St. Patrick's Day is a serious religious holiday in Ireland, but it has been changed quite a bit in America.
Today in America people enjoy St. Patrick's Day by wearing green. In fact, if you don't wear at least one small green item, school children may pinch you. Probably the most common symbol for this holiday is the shamrock. Since the shamrock has three leaves, thousands of years ago St. Patrick (a religious leader) used it to teach the Irish people about the three parts of God. Today many people wear a shamrock design on St. Patrick's Day because it is supposed to bring good luck.
On this day many people also enjoy going to a pub and drinking beer. They tell jokes and have a good time. People who don't come from Ireland like to pretend they are Irish, too. Some cities hold parades or marathons. It's not a very big holiday, but it can be a fun one for the people who want to enjoy it. It is very different kind of celebration from St. Patrick's Day in Ireland.
Questions and Answers
Write the answers in the blanks. Check your answers by clicking the arrows.
1. What day is St. Patrick's Day celebrated on?
March 17
2. Do people go to work and school on St. Patrick's Day?
Yes
3. What country did St. Patrick's Day come from?
Ireland
4. What color do people wear on St. Patrick's Day?
Green
5. If you don't wear that color, what will school children do to you?
Pinch you
6. Wearing a shamrock will bring you good ____.
luck
7. Where do people go to drink beer?
A pub
8. In some cities people run in a _____ on St. Patrick's Day.
marathon

Dictionary.
employee — анг., служащий, работающий по найму.
приобретать — анг., buy, purchase, acquire, gain.
поддерживать — анг., bear support, support.
hold up — анг., выставлять, показывать.
лук — анг., onion, bow.
отпускать — анг., let go, let off, set free.
посуда — анг., tableware, the dishes, vessel.
headphones — анг., наушники.
aisle — анг., боковой неф храма, придел.
выступление — анг., statement, speech.
кашель — анг., cough.
crack — анг., треск, хруст, скрежет.
variety — анг., многообразие, разнообразие.
covered — анг., имеющий крышу, покрытый крышей.
pleasure — анг., желание, воля, склонность.

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect progressive).
He has been working (he + has been + 'ing' form) in this company since 1985.
I have been waiting (I + have been + 'ing' form )for you since two o'clock.
Mary has been livin(gone person + has been + 'ing' form) in Germany since 1992.
Why is he so tired? He has been playing(he + has been + 'ing' form) tennis for five hours.
How long have you been learning(question: have + you + been + 'ing' form) English?
We have been looking for(we + have been + 'ing' form) the motorway for more than an hour.
I have been living(I + have been + 'ing' form) without electricity for two weeks.
The film has not been running(noun in singular + has not been + 'ing' form) for ten minutes yet, but there's a commercial break already.
How long has she been working(question: has + she + been + 'ing' form) in the garden?
She has not been(she + has not been + 'ing' form) in the garden for more than an hour.
Great, all answers are correct!

Use of Present Perfect Progressive
§ puts emphasis on the duration or course of an action (not the result)
Example: She has been writing for two hours.
§ action that recently stopped or is still going on
Example: I have been living here since 2001.
§ finished action that influenced the present
Example: I have been working all afternoon.
Signal Words of Present Perfect Progressive
§ all day, for 4 years, since 1993, how long?, the whole week

Positive Sentences
Write positive sentences in present perfect progressive.
1. Albert / squash / play → Albert has been playing squash.(subject + has been + 'ing' form of the verb)
2. Hannah / the match / watch → Hannah has been watching the match. (subject + has been + 'ing' form of the verb)
3. we / in the park / wait → We have been waiting in the park. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verb)
4. you / a song / sing → You have been singing a song. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verb)
5. I / a magazine / read → I have been reading a magazine. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verb)
6. it / rain / all day → (Your answer: »It have been raining all day«) It has been raining all day. (subject + has been + 'ing' form of the verb)
7. Phil and Greg / a race / run → Phil and Greg have been running a race. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verbWith I, you, we, they or plural nouns, we use 'have'.Final consonant (n) after a short, stressed vowel (u) is doubled )
8. she / her teeth / brush → She has been brushing her teeth. (subject + has been + 'ing' form of the verbWith he, she, it or a singular noun, we use 'has'. )
9. the Millers / in London / live / for three years → The Millers have been living in London for three years. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verb + place + time)
10. we / on the lake / sail → (Your answer: »We have been saillingon the lake«) We have been sailing on the lake. (subject + have been + 'ing' form of the verb)
8 out of 10 answers are correct.

Use of Present Perfect
§ puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.
§ action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
§ action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner.
§ finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key.
§ action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking
Example: I have never been to Australia.
Signal Words of Present Perfect
§ already, ever, just, never, not yet, so far, till now, up to now


Positive Sentences in Present Perfect Simple
Write positive sentences in present perfect simple
The following people have just completed an action.

1. Bob has visited his grandma.(3rd person singular, that's why we use hasregular verb - just add 'ed' )
2. Jimmy has played on the computer.(3rd person singular, that's why we use hasregular verb - just add 'ed' )
3. Sue and Walter have washed their car.(plural, that's why we use haveregular verb - just add 'ed' Missing punctiation mark. )
4. Andrew has repaired his bike.(3rd person singular, that's why we use hasregular verb - just add 'ed' )
5. Phil has helped Anne with maths. (3rd person singular, that's why we use hasregular verb - just add 'ed' )
6. Brad and Louise have watched a film. (plural, that's why we use haveregular verb - just add 'ed' )
7. Tamara has talked to her best friend. (3rd person singular, that's why we use hasregular verb - just add 'ed' Missing punctiation mark. )
8. Bridgette has drawn a picture. (3rd person singular, that's why we use hasirregular verb - 3rd form (column) of irregular verbs (draw-drew-drawn) Missing punctiation mark. )
9. Carol has read a computer magazine. (3rd person singular, that's why we use hasirregular verb - 3rd form (column) of irregular verbs (read-read-read) )
10. Tom and Alice have been to a restaurant. (plural, that's why we use haveirregular verb - 3rd form (column) of irregular verbs (be-was/were-been) Missing punctiation mark. )
6 out of 10 answers are correct.

Put the verbs into the correct form (present perfect simple).
1. I have not worked (I + have + past participle) today.
2. We have bought (we + have + past participle) a new lamp.
3. We (Your answer: »have not planed«) have not planned (we + have + not + past participle) our holiday yet.
4. Where have you been (question: (have + you + past participle) ?
5. He has written (he + has + past participle) five letters.
6. She has not seen him for a long time.
7. Have you been (question: have + you + past participle) at school?
8. School has not started (singular noun + has + not + past participle) yet.
9. Has he spoken(question: has + he + past participle) to his boss?
10. No, he (Your answer: »has not has«) (has not hadhe + has + not + past participle) the time yet.
8 out of 10 answers are correct.

Have to (objective obligation)
We often use have to to say that something is obligatory, for example:
Children have to go to school.
Structure of Have to
Have to is often grouped with modal auxiliary verbs for convenience, but in fact it is not a modal verb. It is not even an auxiliary verb. In the have to structure, "have" is a main verb. The structure is: subject + auxiliary verb + have + infinitive (with to)
Use of Have to
In general, have to expresses impersonal obligation. The subject of have to is obliged or forced to act by a separate, external power (for example, the Law or school rules). Have to is objective. Look at these examples:
In France, you have to drive on the right.
In England, most schoolchildren have to wear a uniform.
John has to wear a tie at work.

Must (subjective obligation)
We often use must to say that something is essential or necessary, for example:
I must go.
Structure of Must
Must is a modal auxiliary verb. It is followed by a main verb. The structure is:
subject + must + main verb
The main verb is the base verb (infinitive without "to").
Use of Must
In general, must expresses personal obligation. Must expresses what the speaker thinks is necessary. Must is subjective. Look at these examples:
It is sometimes possible to use must for real obligation, for example a rule or a law. But generally we use have to for this.
I must stop smoking.
You must visit us soon.
He must work harder.
In each of the above cases, the "obligation" is the opinion or idea of the person speaking. In fact, it is not a real obligation. It is not imposed from outside.
We can use must to talk about the present or the future. Look at these examples:
I must go now. (present)
I must call my mother tomorrow. (future)
We cannot use must to talk about the past. We use have to to talk about the past

Must not, Mustn't (prohibition)
We use must not to say that something is not permitted or allowed, for example:
Passengers must not talk to the driver.
Structure of Must not
Must is an auxiliary verb. It is followed by a main verb. The structure for must not is:
subject + must not + main verb
The main verb is the base verb (infinitive without "to").
Use of Must not
Must not expresses prohibition - something that is not permitted, not allowed. The prohibition can be subjective (the speaker's opinion) or objective (a real law or rule). Look at these examples:
I mustn't eat so much sugar. (subjective)
You mustn't watch so much television. (subjective)
Students must not leave bicycles here. (objective)
Policemen must not drink on duty. (objective)
We can use must not to talk about the present or the future:
Visitors must not smoke. (present)
I mustn't forget Tara's birthday. (future)
We cannot use must not to talk about the past. We use other structures to talk about the past, for example:
We were not allowed to enter.
I couldn't park outside the shop.

Have to, Must, Must not Quiz
1 Yesterday I must/mustn't/had to finish my Geography project.
Click for answer had to
2 She will must/have to/has to wait in line like everyone else.
Click for answer have to
3 All employees must be/mustn't/have to on time for work.
Click for answer must be
4 We have to not/must/mustn't forget to take the chicken out of the freezer.
Click for answer mustn't
5 If you are under 13 you have/must/musn't to get your parents' permission.
Click for answer have
6 Your daughter may have to/had to/must try on a few different sizes.
Click for answer have to
7 The doctor must/mustn't/have to get here as soon as he can.
Click for answer must
8 Do you have to/must/mustn't work next weekend?
Click for answer have to
9 Bicyclists mustn't/must/has to remember to signal when they turn.
Click for answer must
10 Angela, you mustn't/must/have to leave your clothes all over the floor like this.
Click for answer mustn't

Passive Voice
The passive voice is less usual than the active voice. The active voice is the "normal" voice. But sometimes we need the passive voice. In this lesson we look at how to construct the passive voice, when to use it and how to conjugate it.
Construction of the Passive Voice
The structure of the passive voice is very simple:
subject + auxiliary verb (be) + main verb (past participle)
The main verb is always in its past participle form.
Use of the Passive Voice
We use the passive when:
.we want to make the active object more important
.we do not know the active subject


Active or Passive Quiz
1 I ate a piece of chocolate cake. active passive
Click for answer active
2 The librarian read the book to the students. active passive
Click for answer active
3 The money was stolen. active passive
Click for answer passive
4 They are paid on Fridays. active passive
Click for answer passive
5 The movie is being made in Hollywood. active passive
Click for answer passive
6 I washed my car three weeks ago. active passive
Click for answer active
7 His hair was cut by a professional. active passive
Click for answer passive
8 I will introduce you to my boss this week. active passive
Click for answer active
9 It would have been fixed on the weekend. active passive
Click for answer passive
10 The national anthem is being sung by Jason this time. active passive
Click for answer passive

Listening. (http://www.5minuteenglish.com/jun11.htm)
The Birthday Party
Vocabulary
wait up- wait, wait for me
what's up- what is happening? what do you want to talk about?
hang out (slang)- be with friends doing nothing special
bring (someone) along- invite someone, have someone join you
come along- follow, join you


Sarah: Hey Lisa, wait up! I've wanted to have a chance to talk to you.
Lisa: Hi! What's up?
Sarah: This weekend I'm having a birthday party for Ted. I'd like you to come.
Lisa: I'd love to. When is it?
Sarah: We're having it this Saturday at 8:00 at my house. We're going to order a pizza and play some games. Then whoever wants to stay longer can hang out and watch a video.
Lisa: It sounds like a lot of fun. But now that I think about it, I promised I would do something with Nathan Saturday night.Sarah: Well why don't you bring him along? It would be fun. Ted would really like that. I'm sure.
Lisa: Really? That would be great. Okay, I'll ask Nathan to come along. *What can I bring?Sarah: Nothing. Just bring yourselves. No presents are necessary and everything else has been planned.
*It is polite to offer to bring something to a party.

Check Your Understanding
True or False. Check your answers below.
1. Sarah wants to invite Lisa to a beach party.
True False
2. Lisa asks Sarah what is up on top of the roof.
True False
3. It is Nathan's birthday this weekend.
True False
4. Lisa has plans to do something with Nathan on Saturday night.
True False
5. Sarah wants Nathan to come to the party, too.
True False
6. Everybody is going to watch a video at Sarah's house.
True False
7. Lisa needs to buy a present for Ted's birthday party.
True False

Reading. Levi's Blue Jeans
Vocabulary
emigrate- (v) to move permanently from one's country to another.
dry goods- (n) clothing, fabric, and other items to sell
miner- (n) a person who searches for gold, diamonds, etc.
durable- (adj) last a long time
fabric- (n) material for clothing, curtains, etc.
tailor- (n) a person who sews clothing
rivet- (n) (v) a metal piece that holds 2 thing together. (You can see the metal on Levi's jeans)
patent- (n) (v) an inventor's right to be the only one making or selling a product
think it over- (v) think about it, decide


Do you enjoy wearing Levi's blue jeans? Blue jeans have become popular all over the world, but do you know how they got started? Read on to find out...
Levi Strauss was born in Germany in the mid 1800's and emigrated to the United States as a young man. He lived in New York City and learned the dry-goods business for several years. In 1853 he took his knowledge and his dreams to San Francisco (California., USA.) His dream to succeed came true over the next 20 years as he became a very successful businessman.
Many of Levi Strauss' customers were cowboys and miners. They needed clothing that was strong and durable. Strauss found a special fabric from France that was comfortable and lasted a long time. It was called "serge de Nimes," which was later shortened to the word denim.
Another man named Jacob Davis bought large amounts of the denim fabric from Levi Strauss. He was a tailor who made pants for hard-working men. One of his customers was continually tearing the pockets off his pants. So Jacob Davis decided to put rivets on certain parts of the pants to make them stronger. The customer loved the new pants so much that he told all his friends, and soon Jacob Davis was busy making lots of pants with rivets.
Jacob Davis soon realized that using rivets was a great business idea, and he didn't want anybody to steal that idea. He decided that he would need to get a patent. But being a poor tailor, he didn't have enough money to pay for the patent. After thinking it over, he went to the businessman Levi Strauss and told him his idea. He said, "If you agree to pay for the patent, we will share the profits from the riveted pants." Levi Strauss did agree, and the new riveted pant business was called Levi Strauss and Company. Today Levi's jeans are more popular than ever, and Levi's name continues to live on.

Check Your Understanding
True or False. Check your answers below.
1. Levi Strauss was born in 1853.
True False
2. Levi Strauss wanted to become a great businessman.
True False
3. Levi Strauss sewed pants in his business.
True False
4. Jacob Davis sewed pants in his business.
True False
5. Jacob David used denim to make pants.
True False
6. Jacob Davis put rivets in pants because they looked good.
True False
7. Levi Strauss didn't want to pay for Jacob Davis' patent.
True False
8. Levi Strauss and Jacob Davis became business partners.
True False
Answer: 1F, 2T, 3F, 4T, 5T, 6F, 7F, 8 T

Dictionary.
headphones — анг., наушники.
aisle — анг., боковой неф храма, придел.
выступление — анг., statement, speech.
кашель — анг., cough.
crack — анг., треск, хруст, скрежет.
variety — анг., многообразие, разнообразие.
covered — анг., имеющий крышу, покрытый крышей.
pleasure — анг., желание, воля, склонность.
guess — анг., гипотеза, предположение.
settle — анг., место для сидения, сиденье.
stool — анг., табурет, табуретка, скамеечка.
довольно — анг., it is enough, that(s) enough!.
butcher — анг., мясник, киллер, палач, убийца.
greengrocer — анг., зеленщик, продавец фруктов.
barber — анг., парикмахер, цирюльник.

Rewrite the sentences in passive voice. (http://www.ego4u.com/en/cram-up/grammar)
She sang a song. - A song was sung by her. ('a song' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular, we use was + past participle.irregular verb: sing - sang - sung )
Somebody hit me. - I was hit by somebody. ('I' becomes the subject. As it is first person singular, we use was + past participle.irregular verb: hit - hit - hit )
We stopped the bus. - The bus was stopped by us. ('the bus' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular, we use was + past participle.Note: 'p' must be doubled when adding '-ed' as 'o' before 'p' is a short, stressed vowel. )
A thief stole my car. - My car was stolen by a thief. ('my car' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular, we use was + past participle.irregular verb: steal - stole - stolen )
They didn't let him go. - He was not let go by them. ('he' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular and a negative sentence, we use was + not + past participle.irregular verb: let - let - let )
She didn't win the prize. - The prize was not won by her. ('the prize' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular and a negative sentence, we use was + not + past participle.irregular verb: win - won - wonDon't use 'did' with a form of 'to be' )
They didn't make their beds. - Their beds were not made by them. ('their beds' becomes the subject. As it is plural and a negative sentence, we use were + not + past participle.irregular verb: make - made - madeDon't use 'did' with a form of 'to be'. )
I did not tell them. - They were not told by me. ('them' becomes the subject. As it is plural and a negative sentence, we use were + not + past participle.irregular verb: tell - told - toldDon't use 'did' with a form of 'to be'. )
Did you tell them? - Were they told by you? ('they' becomes the subject. As it is plural and a questin, we use Were + subject + past participle.irregular verb: tell - told - toldDon't use 'did' with a form of 'to be'. )
Did he send the letter? - Was the letter sent by him? ('the letter' becomes the subject. As it is third person singular and a question, we use Was + subject + past participle.irregular verb: send - sent - sentDon't use 'did' with a form of 'to be'. )

Reading.
History of Halloween
Halloween falls on October 31st each year in North America and other parts of the world. What do you know about Halloween? Do you celebrate it in your country? Here is a little history about it.

Vocabulary
to evolve (v)- to change little by little
spirit (n)- ghost, some people believe the spirit and body separate when a person dies
holy (adj)- sacred, very good, related to religion. Hallow comes from the word holy.
saint (n)- an honored, holy person
evil (adj)- very, very bad
lantern (n)- lamp or enclosed light that can be carried around
turnip (n)- a purple and white vegetable that grows in the ground


Like many other holidays, Halloween has evolved and changed throughout history. Over 2,000 years ago people called the Celts lived in what is now Ireland, the UK, and parts of Northern France. November 1 was their New Year's Day. They believed that the night before the New Year (October 31) was a time when the living and the dead came together.
More than a thousand years ago the Christian church named November 1 All Saints Day (also called All Hallows.) This was a special holy day to honor the saints and other people who died for their religion. The night before All Hallows was called Hallows Eve. Later the name was changed to Halloween.
Like the Celts, the Europeans of that time also believed that the spirits of the dead would visit the earth on Halloween. They worried that evil spirits would cause problems or hurt them. So on that night people wore costumes that looked like ghosts or other evil creatures. They thought if they dressed like that, the spirits would think they were also dead and not harm them.
The tradition of Halloween was carried to America by the immigrating Europeans. Some of the traditions changed a little, though. For example, on Halloween in Europe some people would carry lanterns made from turnips. In America, pumpkins were more common. So people began putting candles inside them and using them as lanterns. That is why you see Jack 'o lanterns today.
These days Halloween is not usually considered a religious holiday. It is primarily a fun day for children. Children dress up in costumes like people did a thousand years ago. But instead of worrying about evil spirits, they go from house to house. They knock on doors and say "trick or treat." The owner of each house gives candy or something special to each trick or treater.
Happy Halloween!

Check Your Understanding
True or False. Check your answers below.
1. The Celts thought the spirits of dead people returned to the earth on October 31st.
True False
2. The Celts created All Hallows.
True False
3. All Hallows is on October 31st.
True False
4. The word Halloween comes from the word Hallows eve.
True False
5. A thousand years ago Europeans wore costumes to get candy.
True False
6. Americans still carve turnips to use as lanterns.
True False
7. Today Halloween is especially for children.
True False
8. Children get candy by saying "trick or treat."
True False
answer: 1T, 2F, 3F, 4T, 5F, 6F, 7T, 8T

Topic. In the air.
put each of the following words or phases in its correct place in the passage below.

Flying is fun. I like being in a big airliner with the cabin crew (steawards and stewardesses) loking after me. They walk up and down the aisle bringing meas and drinks; and if the flight is going though some turbulence, they warn everybody that it might be bit bumpy and ask us to fasten our seat belts. On a long flight I like listening to music though the headphones avaible to all passengers, but sometmes I have a sleep. I enjoy it all so much that I never want the plane to land.